A year after the fall of the Assad regime, many Syrians living across Europe are re-evaluating their future. Some are embracing the chance to rebuild what was lost; others remain deeply uncertain about returning amid turmoil and for many, the dilemmas are far from resolved.
Thousands returning but not everyone is convinced
Since December 2024, when the regime collapsed, around 1.1 million displaced Syrians and refugees have returned to Syria, according to estimates from the UNHCR and partner agencies Many came from neighbouring countries like Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt.
Still, among those based in Europe, a large share expresses hesitation. A recent survey by UNHCR found that approximately 81 % of Syrian asylum-seekers in Europe do not plan to return to Syria within the next 12 months.
Why some are going back and what keeps others away
For those choosing to return, reasons include longing for home, hope for a fresh start, and a sense of duty to help rebuild. One returnee told reporters the feeling of freedom and being home again was overwhelming.
Ethnic and sectarian tensions — for instance involving communities such as the Alawites and Druze — have resurfaced, raising serious concerns about safety for some.
Mixed rebuilding: business opportunities and infrastructure challenges
Some returnees particularly those with resources and overseas exposure are attempting to rebuild lives in Syria. Among them are entrepreneurs and small-business hopefuls who believe they can contribute to recovery and new opportunities.
Yet the road ahead is daunting. After more than a decade of war, Syria faces widespread destruction. Hospitals, schools, homes, utilities many remain damaged or out of service. The cost and scale of reconstruction are enormous.
