Some countries experience extreme cold for most of the year, with temperatures plunging far below freezing and shaping everyday life. From Arctic regions to high-latitude landscapes, these nations rank among the coldest countries in the world based on average annual temperatures and winter extremes.
Russia Tops the List
Russia stands as the coldest country globally. Large parts of Siberia experience brutal winters, with temperatures often dropping below -40°C. Towns like Oymyakon are known as some of the coldest inhabited places on Earth.
Despite the harsh climate, millions live and work in these regions, adapting through specialized infrastructure and clothing.
Canada Endures Long, Harsh Winters
Canada consistently ranks among the coldest countries due to its northern latitude. Winter temperatures in parts of Manitoba, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories regularly fall below -30°C.
Moreover, snow-covered landscapes dominate much of the country for several months each year, especially in inland and northern regions.
Greenland’s Arctic Chill
Greenland experiences extreme Arctic conditions throughout the year. Average temperatures remain well below freezing for most months, and thick ice sheets cover much of the land.
As a result, Greenland’s climate plays a crucial role in global weather patterns and climate research.
Iceland Combines Cold and Volcanic Heat
Although Iceland benefits from the warming effects of the Gulf Stream, it still ranks among the coldest countries. Winters bring icy winds, snowstorms, and limited daylight.
However, geothermal energy helps residents cope with the cold and supports sustainable living.
Norway and Finland Face Polar Conditions
Norway and Finland experience long winters, especially in regions above the Arctic Circle. Temperatures can drop sharply, and polar nights limit sunlight for weeks.
Nevertheless, both countries have adapted well through strong infrastructure, winter-ready transport, and energy-efficient housing.
